15. Mar 1, 2014. #2. You're right about Illinois law making little sense. Some of the goofy stuff; During the muzzleloading rifle only season pistols are NOT allowed. But you CAN use your muzzleloading pistol during the late-winter antlerless-only season so long as it meets muzzle energy requirements.Reaction score. 3. Sep 27, 2023. #1. Midwestreloads.com is a scam site. I went there because they had percussion caps that no one else seems to have in stock. They only take Paypal, Zelle, or Cashapp for payment. I looked them up and sure enough SCAM. Luckily I didn't fall for it.Reaction score. 21,973. Location. Louisiana & My camp in Mississippi. Jul 9, 2023. #2. Mike, there's been some controversy over TVM's quality control in recent post. I can't prove or disprove that. But I have a Kibler Woodsrunner and SMR with another Woodsrunner on the way.Jaime Lizotte of ComplyRight joins Barry Moltz on The Small Business Radio Show to discuss managing remote employees. * Required Field Your Name: * Your E-Mail: * Your Remark: Frie...Apr 11, 2022. #1. I have an 1858 Remington .44 Pietta revolver. It is a great gun however it is very difficult to cock. There is an adjustment screw in the front of the grip. With it completely out it is still a little heavy to cock. Dixie sells these main springs for less than $5.00 dollars each.Andover, VT. Apr 28, 2021. #4. Chunk gun shooting goes way back before the mid 1900s. Our ML club has a barrel dating to the Civil War era that has been re-breeched, re-stocked, and rifling re-cut many times. All the flats have multiple dovetails on them as it's had under lugs and sights at every position possible.Jan 23, 2015. #12. Flint62Smoothie said: FWIW a mint CVA Mountain rifle in 54-cal just sold on 21Jan2015 for $485 on the Gun Broker auctions! I was gonna bid if it stayed under $450.00, thats was my top price....almost had me one, was sure a nice lookin rifle! J.Jul 23, 2023. #5. I have a Pedersoli Kentucky in .50cal with both the flint lock and percussion lock. Though a nicely made rifle and straight shooter it is defiantly my most disliked Muzzleloading rifle due to the heavy trigger and rather poor preforming lock. I would not buy another single trigger only, though would if it had the double set ...Jan 28, 2023. #3. I would heavily recommend you get the Dragoon. The Walker is awesome for its size and the history around it, but that size is exactly what eventually makes it just turn into a PITA to shoot. The Dragoon has all the good parts of the Walker while being significantly handier.Fortytwoguns | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks you ...Messages. 147. Reaction score. 80. Feb 29, 2024. #1. I have two Uberti 1862 Police replicas. One has the Serial # A41989. The other is V02238.Location. Andover, VT. Aug 25, 2012. #2. Nitric acid is technically aquafortis, for sure, but the solution folks use to stain rifles is saturated with iron. Make the 10% or up to 25% solution, add iron shavings or small nails, let it cook uncovered until it is done consuming iron. Filter through a coffee filter, etc, and use this to stain maple.Mar 1, 2024. AZ Muzzleloaders posted the thread FOR SALE 54 Caliber Custom Hawken. Built from TOTW Parts Set, Curly Maple in Firearms For Sale/Trade/Wanted . Built about 1986 from a Track of the Wolf parts set. Barrel measures 32 1/4" x 1" (actual 0.985"), 1:66 rate of twist.Well I think I got an easy quick fix that takes 0 skill and ends in a perfect fit. Here it is. #2.Drill 5/32 hole completely through center of arbor housing. #3.Put release agent on arbor ,and everywhere on outside of barrel that could possibly get over flow compound on it.The Meat Counter. Sep 5, 2023. #3. Take a DIY store 3/4" chamfering tool, hold it your hand and rotate it back and forth to cut a small chamfer. All you need to do is break the edge a bit. Just do it evenly. Sandpaper and bluing optional. Last edited: Sep 5, 2023. W.Location. NEK, VT. Sep 6, 2021. #1. Took my new to me T/C Hawken .54 to the range for the first time. I was really looking forward to shooting this as it's my first .54 and I wanted to hunt with it this fall. First shot the nipple shot out into the grass never to be seen again. Took some powder to the forehead, but the glasses saved my eyes.So here goes---Hawkens 45 and 50 are 15/16. Hawkens 54 and larger 1 inch. Seneca 36 and 45 are 13/16. Renegades are 1 inch. But here is the real difference between the Hawken and the Seneca, the Seneca is a completely scaled down version of the Hawken. It looks tiny compared to a Hawken.Apr 3, 2018. #14. Full buck horn sights are the most useless sight ever invented in my opinion. They are about style alone and don't do anything particularly well for sighting that cannot be done better with a partridge front and wide, shallow, open or aperture rear sight. P.127. Reaction score. 252. Dec 23, 2021. #6. necchi said: With the kit stock as received, lightly wet it, that will enhance the grain appearance. If your stock presents areas of open grain (you'll see it) you could use a light slurry of a bone black agent and sand it back a bit after it dries.The builder of my rifle made a clean kill at 90 yards with 70 grains 3f in a .54. I looked up the load in the Lyman Black Powder Handbook and Loading Manual; 70 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 963 ft lb. 100 yards - 456 ft lb. 90 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 1111 ft lb. 100 yards - 487 ft lb.The first of which was retired on 16 June, while the last will head to retirement this month. Qantas plans to retire the last of its two Boeing 747s this month. As first reported b...179. Location. Texas. May 8, 2020. #1. These precision made tools are the preferred way to cone the muzzles of roundball guns either rifled or smoothbore. Greatly eases starting the ball and the long cone allows the ball to be gently swaged into the bore without damage. I believe accuracy is unchanged.Back in 1978 I was introduced to a couple in Cascade Montana who had a wonderful collection of Sharon and GRRW guns, mostly Hawkens. They must have had between 6 or 8 guns in a presentation rack. Talk about a Pavlov's dog response, it made a young muzzleloading enthusiast drool.2. Reaction score. 0. Location. Sarasota, FL. Mar 2, 2024. #1. I would like to alert other members of this forum that I came across a scammer whose MO is to join on the same day multiple online firearms, hunting, and even model train forums. He then researches the specific forum's rules such as the requirement to create 20 to 50 short online ...The Gun Builder's Bench | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the ...26. Location. Woodlands of Northern New England. Jan 4, 2006. #4. No disrespect intended to Stumpkiller, I'm very big into target shooting and competitive shoots. While target shooting i've had many people come over to watch me with a muzzleloader,try mine and then get into muzzleloading at our club shoots.In the next few days I'll be out at the board. Going to test 80 grain 2f, 2 over powder cards, 1 & 1/4 oz 5 shot, lubed fiber wad. The second is the same but shot is in a paper shotcup. Third is the same as both but will vary powder down to 70 grain. Hoping for some good results.2. Reaction score. 0. Location. Sarasota, FL. Mar 2, 2024. #1. I would like to alert other members of this forum that I came across a scammer whose MO is to join on the same day multiple online firearms, hunting, and even model train forums. He then researches the specific forum's rules such as the requirement to create 20 to 50 short online ...Na na na na na na bat bot. It’s the robot the world deserves, but not the one it needs right now. Scientists from Switzerland have built an autonomous robot that can walk and fly o...Muzzleloading Forum discussion community & muzzleloading/reenactors for sale classifieds. Muzzle loading forums for reenactors, mountain men, French &...I start with potassium chlorate, sulfur and antimony trisulfide. Then I use a scale that has very fine measurement and also measures in pretty much all different units but I use grains. I start by measuring out 47 grains of the chlorate, 30 grains of the antimony and 21 grains of the sulfur and dump them together in a little glass dish.69 Cal. Most frizzens today are made of 6150 steel which is an oil hardening steel, however it will never get hard enough with an oil quench, so you need to use water. I've never had any issues with a 6150 frizzen cracking in a water quench after tempering. Only springs made of 6150 I've had crack in a water quench.About .39 according to my caliper. Weird neat little world history smoothbore I'm happy to add to the collection. I intend to shoot a few light shot load, with perhaps no more than 30 grains of powder with equal volum #6 or #8 shot. Nipple threads are in good shape, and the bore isn't absolute trash.Jan 25, 2024. #8. I have two Pedersoli SXS shotguns - one 12 gauge and one 10 gauge and one Navy Arms 12 gauge made by Pietta. All of them are from the late 70's to the mid 80's. The 10 gauge has very good triggers so does the Navy Arms Pietta. The Pedersoli 12 gauge not so good.Nov 25, 2019 · Oct 18, 2020. #1. Yesterday I was fortunate enough to kill a nice buck with my .54 flintlock using a .530 round ball with a .018 patch over 80 grains of Swiss FFG at about 60 yards.. Although I posted the fact I was blessed with success, I neglected to comment on the sheer power displayed by the round ball I shot. A public or publicly traded company is one whose shares are available for investors to buy on the stock exchange or through the over-the-counter market. You can buy shares in a pub...Almost perfect. Started life as a CVA . Beautiful deep blue. Custom built. Perfect bore. Nipple and clean out screw unscrew easily and are not damaged. Trigger is light and crisp. Very accurate. One of a kind. $300 shipped and insured to your door. Open to all trades including U.S. coins.Reaction score. 696. Location. north of Stl Mo. Feb 11, 2019. #3. .540 bore smooth rifle @ 25 yds. 65 gr. fffg and 75 grains 5's and 6's mixed using skychiefs load as a base fiber wad over powder and 1/2" cushion wad on top of shot all lubed with olive oil. Min. ga. for turkey in Mo. is .410.10. May 8, 2008. #2. The "Third Generation/Signature Series" was actually assembled by Henry Arms, and as far as I'm concered the quality is not even close to the 2nd generation models. I've heard two stories on the 2nd generation: parts made by Uberti & assembled by Colt, and some say assembled by Henry Arms.FOR SALE F/S Rare British Military Saddle Carbine Flintlock Lock - 1835. For sale & a very RARE find! King William IV saddle carbine lock. Has a slide safety and an "internal" frizzen spring. The lock plate measures 5.5 inches overall and is marked with a crown, W.R., TOWER and dated 1835.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Oct 18, 2020. #1. Yesterday I was fortunate enough to kill a nice buck with my .54 flintlock using a .530 round ball with a .018 patch over 80 grains of Swiss FFG at about 60 yards.. Although I posted the fact I was blessed with success, I neglected to comment on the sheer power displayed by the round ball I shot.What it looks like, does matter. There are some Yazel pistols that fit the forums idea of what is traditional so, if they look like the pistols that were used in 1866 or earlier, they are allowed. There are many Yazel pistols that look like a cross between a traditional sidelock or underhammer gun and a modern Colt 1911 or a High Standard ...Spring Rendezvous Oregon. Please join the Forest Hills Black Powder Brigade for its annual Spring Rendezvous in Mill City, Oregon May 24-27. Events include black powder rifle/pistol/trade gun, hawk and knife, primitive archery, frying pan toss, long gong shoot, children's games and activities, traders, primitive and... gferlitsch.At least for now, he'll self-isolate at home. On Nov. 1, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO), announced that he had come into co...Community platform by XenForo ® © 2010-2024 XenForo Ltd. Development and Hosting By: Tech Daddies We have updated our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy as …179. Location. Texas. May 8, 2020. #1. These precision made tools are the preferred way to cone the muzzles of roundball guns either rifled or smoothbore. Greatly eases starting the ball and the long cone allows the ball to be gently swaged into the bore without damage. I believe accuracy is unchanged.2,688. Location. Maine. Mar 26, 2019. #1. I bought a Spanish .50 cal Hawken made in Ardessa Spain. The bore was cruddy but it cleaned up with some elbow grease.This isn't a CVA Hawken. This one is a very good copy, actually put a T/C to shame. It's double pinned, hooked breech, long tang and double set triggers.At least for now, he'll self-isolate at home. On Nov. 1, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO), announced that he had come into co...42. Reaction score. 16. Oct 15, 2012. #1. It's been rumored that Thompson Center stopped making their Hawken rifles. I called their customer service today and the operator confirmed that they discontinued the Hawken. My .50 cal flinter shoots low and way to the left.Welcome to 'Traditional Muzzleloading', the foremost Facebook group for enthusiasts and historians passionate about muzzleloading firearms and their rich history. Our community is the perfect gathering place for those fascinated by the art and craft of traditional muzzleloading, from flintlock rifles to percussion cap muskets.I start with potassium chlorate, sulfur and antimony trisulfide. Then I use a scale that has very fine measurement and also measures in pretty much all different units but I use grains. I start by measuring out 47 grains of the chlorate, 30 grains of the antimony and 21 grains of the sulfur and dump them together in a little glass dish.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.The subject got on Uberti vs Pietta. He said that Uberti upgraded the factory to modern C&C machining and other "upgrades" to offset labor costs. Once that was complete they retired or laid off most of the skilled labor. While Uberti was making the upgrades, Pietta watched as they were considering similar factory upgrades.Advertisement Lethal injection is the world's newest method of execution, and is quickly becoming the most common one. In 1982, the United States became the first country to use le...Muzzleloader Rifles, Muzzleloader Pistols & Muzzleloader Supplies - #1 Source for Muzzleloaders. Black Powder Rifles, Pistols & Black Powder Kits. Shop all the top muzzleloader brands like CVA, Traditions, Thompson/Center, Lyman, Investarm & More.The old standard for 12 gauge full choke was .040" constriction. Modern guns with modern loads really don't need that much constriction but with muzzleloaders we still are duplicating the old loadings. So the recess for a full choke 12 is .020" deep, which of course enlarges the bore diameter by the required .040".Location. Maine. Mar 21, 2023. #1. Questions - Kibler Colonial Long Rifle Kit. Intro: So I started my first introduction to flintlocks and building rifles of wood and metal last weekend. I live in Maine and am a SIG-trained armorer in pistols and rifles, a business owner, and also work in emergency medicine. I say that by way of introduction ...May 8, 2023. #1. After reading the "Terms and Rules" at the bottom of this page I thought I had an understanding of this forum. Because of this there was a discussion in the Unmentionables post where there was a difference of opinion between myself and a couple other members. Apparently there was a thread by Zonie back in 2018 in the "Forum ...Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Messages. 147. Reaction score. 80. Feb 29, 2024. #1. I have two Uberti 1862 Police replicas. One has the Serial # A41989. The other is V02238.32 Cal. A twist rate of 1 in 48 is considered a general compromise, supposedly capable of accurately throwing either a patched roundball or a conical projectile. Doesn't matter if the caliber is .32 or .62. However, like most "generalists", this twist rate probably is not the best for either roundball or conical.69 Cal. Get the dremel out and enlarge the pan in the area near the flash hole. Make it more uniform front to back using the flash hole location as a guide. In the process, you can grind out the notch as well. It was obviously placed there due to the flash hole being out of alignment with the center of the pan.Thousands of protesters have taken to the streets of Congo's capital city, Brazzaville. At least three people have been killed during protests against a constitutional referendum t...Using the 12 ga., originals or a single barrel in line trap gun, I have used a 1 and an 18th shot dipper for both powder and shot. I have used black powder and substitutes. If you can not get Mike;s over powder wads use two over shot wads over the powder, half a cushion was, lubed or not, shot and an over powder wad.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Apr 14, 2024 · Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us. Icon Solar is a great company if you are thinking about going solar. But are they the right fit for you? Our guides gives you all you need to know to make a decision. Expert Advice...Muzzleloader Forums. Here are 25 Best Muzzleloader Forums you should follow in 2024. 1. The Muzzleloading Forum. The Muzzleloading Forum is for owners to discuss Muzzle Loading Classifieds, firearms, general muzzleloading, hunting, reenacting, and so much more. B... more. muzzleloadingforum..Location. Virginia. Mar 30, 2024. #3. If you're concerned about accuracy even a cheap drill press will be better than hand work, and may cost less than a smith/machinist. Be aware that if you increase the size of the drum, you may have to alter the lock to fit. and.Reaction score. 4,699. Location. Southern Illinois. Sep 23, 2018. #3. More than good for bar, injun, or deers. My Lyman's plains rifle of 28 balls to the pound (.54 cal) works well with a 70 gr. charge of 2Fg Graf's powder. I too don't care for any more than that regarding recoil.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Jan 23, 2015. #12. Flint62Smoothie said: FWIW a mint CVA Mountain rifle in 54-cal just sold on 21Jan2015 for $485 on the Gun Broker auctions! I was gonna bid if it stayed under $450.00, thats was my top price....almost had me one, was sure a nice lookin rifle! J.Got a new toy. | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...Oct 30, 2022. #1. I am part way through putting my Traditions Hawken kit together, and what might be typical, there are a lot of problems. Biggest besides a general lack of consistency is the lock. Fixed a problem tonight where one of the screws was pulling the entire thing in too far due to lack of support. Installed a brass tube to draw down ...The builder of my rifle made a clean kill at 90 yards with 70 grains 3f in a .54. I looked up the load in the Lyman Black Powder Handbook and Loading Manual; 70 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 963 ft lb. 100 yards - 456 ft lb. 90 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 1111 ft lb. 100 yards - 487 ft lb.Much more than a modern firearm that has had 200 rounds through it. Use lubes like olive oil or crisco or whatever you like best while you're shooting to keep the fouling soft enough to re-load. Even the small amount of wax in my paper fiber wads helps a lot to keep the fouling soft.8. Oct 21, 2009. #1. Re: the CVA "USA" marked Mountain rifles only (not the second, non USA marked version)... I'm trying to get an idea how many of these rifles were made. I personally know of serial numbers as low as less than 200 (00001XX), and almost as high as 44,000 (00439XX). That's a lot of rifles (or at least barrels) for a young ...Jul 4, 2023 ... Cannon ... I have known guys that bought cannon powder and ground it to smaller size, repackaged it and used it. last one (package) i saw was 25lb ...That rifle, as I seem to recall, was offered in .40 and .36. The .40 was touted as "the" deer caliber with the .36 being "the" all around rifle. I drooled over the pictures and read then read some more. This was long before "magnumitis" infiltrated muzzleloading and before rules with minimum caliber restrictions for deer.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Oct 21, 2004 · The builder of my rifle made a clean kill at 90 yards with 70 grains 3f in a .54. I looked up the load in the Lyman Black Powder Handbook and Loading Manual; 70 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 963 ft lb. 100 yards - 456 ft lb. 90 grains 3f Goex, .535 ball. muzzle energy - 1111 ft lb. 100 yards - 487 ft lb. The Gun Builder's Bench | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the ...Mar 10, 2008. #4. When I was a kid, we didn't have fancy pre-made wads. We used pieces of old wasp nest (very good), news paper and even cotton balls. The trick was to pull the cotton balls apart a little bit so that they didn't fly very far. Lubed with a loose beeswax and tallow/olive oil lube they worked well.33,410. Reaction score. 8,508. Location. Phoenix, AZ. Feb 26, 2019. #2. A company that called itself Ultra-Hi tried getting into the black powder muzzleloading game back in the 1970's by importing low cost guns. I'm …Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Anyway, the common ramrods of the 18th c. civilian guns would be a tapered wood rod with or without a sheet iron tip on the entry end and a wide front end of bare wood to seat the load. Preferably concaved a tad bit for a ball if wanted. Ideally, the steel tip should not have contact with the bore walls anyway.Muzzleloading Forum discussion community & muzzleloading/reenactors for sale classifieds. Muzzle loading forums for reenactors, mountain men, French &...
40 Cal. There are many variables to consider when working up a load for any muzzleloading rifle. Bore size, rare of twist, patching material for round ball, powder type, lube for your bullet/patches. all of these things will affect accuracy and the type of powder you use and the best charge to use.. Emily elizabeth pussy
The black powder Colt Walker is regarded as the most powerful commercially manufactured repeating handgun from 1847 until the introduction of the . 357 Magnum in 1935, having a muzzle energy nearly exactly the same as a 4-inch-barreled (10 cm) handgun firing a . 357 Magnum.Mar 31, 2024. #14. Remember, all muzzle loading guns are individual and all like "their" very own patch, powder, and ball combo, including the lube. I have used OX Yoke patches in cotton and ticking pre-lubed with their Wonder Lube, I have used Wonder Lube I have applied myself, and lots of other things over the years.Pre-Flintlock | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...So here goes---Hawkens 45 and 50 are 15/16. Hawkens 54 and larger 1 inch. Seneca 36 and 45 are 13/16. Renegades are 1 inch. But here is the real difference between the Hawken and the Seneca, the Seneca is a completely scaled down version of the Hawken. It looks tiny compared to a Hawken.Heading to the hills like a modern day mountain man. 1; 2; 3 … Go to pageApr 21, 2004 · 26. Location. Woodlands of Northern New England. Jan 4, 2006. #4. No disrespect intended to Stumpkiller, I'm very big into target shooting and competitive shoots. While target shooting i've had many people come over to watch me with a muzzleloader,try mine and then get into muzzleloading at our club shoots. 6,788. Reaction score. 8,674. Location. Western North Carolina. Feb 15, 2020. #3. Well, if you want shoot really big game, Val Forgett (owner of Navy Arms) used one in Africa in 1973 as his ‘less heavily loaded’ gun to take a number of animals. His load in the Buffalo Hunter was a 610 grain Minie over 125 grains of fff.A 1:48 twist in larger calibers (.45 and up) is generally very finicky in what it will shoot accurately with. Ask any serious Buffalo match or bench rest shooter what the twist is in their rifles. Invariably they will be 1:66; 1:72 or even 1:144.Powder, 2 thin "overshot" cards 1 or 2 lubed felt wads, shot load (either in a paper shot cup/cartridge or not), then a thin overshot card. For the Skychief load the order is; powder, thick over powder wad (sometimes referred to as a nitro card), then the shot load, thin overshot card, then a thick fiber "cushion" wad that has been thoroughly ...I try to explain it like this. The tried-and-true 45/70. 45 cal. lead bullet pushed by 70 gr. black powder. With muzzle energy of more than 1,600 foot-pounds, the 405 grain FP bullet hit a distance of 200 yards and flew at 1,330 feet per second. This bullet easily killed bears, moose, and bison.Almost perfect. Started life as a CVA . Beautiful deep blue. Custom built. Perfect bore. Nipple and clean out screw unscrew easily and are not damaged. Trigger is light and crisp. Very accurate. One of a kind. $300 shipped and insured to your door. Open to all trades including U.S. coins.Throat: .448". As final observation, both barrels are tight at the frame threads. Well, that leaves me pretty well stuck as far as improvements. I'd hoped to ream the cylinder to .001 over groove diameter, but I'm not terribly excited about reaming it to .461. At the same time I have only .001" rifling engagement!.